| Elenco delle attività formative previste per i dottorandi del primo anno |
Collective effects in circular accelerators
data presunta: privamera 2025 - tipologia: riconducibile al progetto formativo - modalità di erogazione: Ex-cathedra - numero ore: 60
docente del corso: Migliorati, Metral, Mostacci qualifica: Professore affiliazione: Estera
programma delle attività: Wakefields (10h):
Longitudinal and transverse wakefield
Definitions for a point charge
Definitions for a bunch
Short and long range wakefields
Expansion in cylindrical symmetry
Coupling impedances
Definition of longitudinal and transverse impedances
Example of RLC, wake and impedance (longitudinal and transverse)
Example of calculation of wakefields and energy loss
Uniform boundaries
Resistive wall
Green function method
Non uniform boundaries
Example of use of an electromagnetic code (e.g. CST)
Broad band impedance models
Instabilities in storage rings: longitudinal (10h):
Revision of synchrotron oscillations
Momentum compaction
Energy oscillation
Finite and differential equation for a single particle and a macroparticle with wakefields
Longitudinal oscillations
Robinson instability in the fundamental mode
Fokker-Plank equation and stationary solution
Fokker-Plank equation
Haissinski equation and potential well distortion
Phase shift and incoherent frequency shift
Example of simulation code
Perturbation methods and mode coupling
Coupled bunch instabilities
Macroparticle model
Example of simulation code
High Q resonator instabilities
Instabilities in storage rings: transverse (8h):
Transverse single bunch instabilities
Vlasov equation
Perturbation theory
Head-tail instability
Transverse Mode Coupling Instability (TMCI) => From impedance but also space charge, beam-beam and electron cloud
Imaginary Tune Split and Repulsion (ITSR) instability => Due to resistive transverse dampers (often necessary for coupled-bunch operation, see below)
Transverse coupled-bunch instabilities
High Q resonator instability
Resistive wall instability
Landau damping (2h):
Introduction and physical origin of Landau damping
Landau damping in coasting beams
Longitudinal
Transverse
Landau damping in bunched beams
Transverse
Longitudinal
Losses of Landau Damping
modalità di accertamento finale: Esame orale
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Physics of High Brightness Accelerators
data presunta: privamera 2025 - tipologia: riconducibile al progetto formativo - modalità di erogazione: Ex-cathedra - numero ore: 60
docente del corso: M.Ferrario qualifica: Studioso o esperto di enti di ricerca affiliazione: Italiana
programma delle attività: Course Description - Light sources based on high gain free electron lasers or future high energy linear colliders require the production, acceleration and transport up to the interaction point of low divergency, high charge density, short electron bunches (high brightness beams). Many effects contribute in general to the degradation of the final beam quality, including chromatic effects, wake fields, emission of coherent radiation, accelerator misalignments, etc. In particular Space Charge effects and mismatch with the focusing and accelerating devices contribute to emittance degradation of high charge density beams, hence the control of beam transport and acceleration is the leading edge for high quality beam production. In these lectures we introduce from basic principles the main concepts of beam focusing and transport in modern accelerators using the beam envelope equation as a convenient mathematical tool, suitable for any kind of charged particle accelerator. Matching conditions preserving the beam quality are derived from the model for significant beam dynamics regimes. An extension of the model to the plasma accelerator case is also introduced. The understanding of similarities and differences with respect to traditional accelerators are emphasized.
Course Details - The main topics discussed during the lectures will include:
-Overview of advanced accelerator techniques and their applications
-The concepts of Emittance, Brightness and Luminosity
-Relativistic dynamics recapitulation
-Phase Space and Liouville Theorem
-Beam Thermodynamics
-Longitudinal and Transverse Envelope Equations
-Space Charge Effects
-Beam Manipulation and Emittance Compensation
-Wake Fields and Instabilities
-The physics of Free Electron Lasers
-Introduction to Plasma Accelerator Physics
-The EuPRAXIA project at LNF
A few dedicated seminars will be given by experts in specific fields of interest related to this course. A detailed visit to the existing high brightness facility SPARC_LAB at LNF will conclude the course.
modalità di accertamento finale: esame orale
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Joint Universities Accelerator School (JUAS I)
data presunta: gennaio 2024 - tipologia: riconducibile al progetto formativo - modalità di erogazione: Ex-cathedra - numero ore: 90
docente del corso: vari qualifica: Professore affiliazione: Estera
programma delle attività: https://www.esi-archamps.eu/juas-courses/
modalità di accertamento finale: Esami scritti
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Joint Universities Accelerator School (JUAS II)
data presunta: gen feb 2025 - tipologia: riconducibile al progetto formativo - modalità di erogazione: Ex-cathedra - numero ore: 90
docente del corso: vari qualifica: Professore affiliazione: Estera
programma delle attività: https://www.esi-archamps.eu/juas-courses/#course2
modalità di accertamento finale: Esami scritti
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CERN Academic Trainings (seminars)
data presunta: 2025 - 2026 - tipologia: riconducibile al progetto formativo - modalità di erogazione: seminariale - numero ore: 20
docente del corso: vari qualifica: Studioso o esperto di enti di ricerca affiliazione: Estera
programma delle attività: Vari temi
modalità di accertamento finale: Nessuna
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USPAS (Fermilab National Laboratories)
data presunta: 2024 - tipologia: riconducibile al progetto formativo - modalità di erogazione: Ex-cathedra - numero ore: 90
docente del corso: vari qualifica: Studioso o esperto di enti di ricerca affiliazione: Estera
programma delle attività: https://uspas.fnal.gov/programs/2025/knoxville/index.shtml
modalità di accertamento finale: Esame scritto
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Physics, Technology and Applications of Linear Accelerators
data presunta: privamera 2025 - tipologia: riconducibile al progetto formativo - modalità di erogazione: Ex-cathedra - numero ore: 30
docente del corso: D.Alesini (INFN) qualifica: Studioso o esperto di enti di ricerca affiliazione: Italiana
programma delle attività:
Focused on technology and applications of linacs with particular focus on electron linacs.
During the course some basics on simulation programs POISSON-SUPERFISH (for magnet design) and ASTRA (for beam dynamics) will also be presented.
In the following the list of topics that will be covered (In parenthesis the indicative number of hours).
1) Introduction to the course and basics on LINAC accelerating structures (2)
2) Normal conducting and superconducting structures (2)
3) Power coupling, scattering parameters, linac technology (4)
4) RF high power sources for particle accelerators (2) Seminar by F. Cardelli
5) Longitudinal and transverse beam dynamics, bunching, capture sections, envelope equation (4)
6) magnets design: basic design principle and parameters: POISSON (2) Seminar by A. Vannozzi
7) Pumping system and basics of vacuum for linacs (2) Seminar by A. Liedl
8) Timing and synchronization systems (2) Seminar by M. Bellaveglia
9) Diagnostics devices (1)
10) The ASTRA CODE for beam dynamics simulations: introduction and example of photo-injector design (3) Seminar by A. Giribono
11) Thermionic electron guns (2), Seminar by L. Faillace
12) Application of proton linacs for cancer therapy (2) Seminar by G. Bazzano
13) Applications of electron linacs: injectors, Industrial applications, FEL, tomography (3)
modalità di accertamento finale: Esame orale
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Matter - radiation interactions and their applications in the medical field
data presunta: Mar- May 2025 - tipologia: riconducibile al progetto formativo - modalità di erogazione: Ex-cathedra - numero ore: 60
docente del corso: G.Franciosini, V.Patera qualifica: Professore affiliazione: Italiana
programma delle attività: 1) Introduction to the course, BB, review of special relativity
2) Review of special relativity, calculation of dE/dx, range calculation, straggling
3) dE/dx for electrons, radiation, radiation length, multiple scattering
4) Decays of radioisotopes and sources of charged particles
5) Applications of charged radiation
6) Introduction to neutral radiation interactions: photon interactions (Photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, Pair production).
7) CT & SPECT
8) PET
9) RadioTherapy with photons
10) RadioTherapy with charged particles
11) Dosimetry & relative detectors
12) Radio Protection in Space
13) Neutrons
14) Proton CT
15) Accelerators for Radiotherapy applications
modalità di accertamento finale: Esame orale
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Neutron production mechanisms, sources and applications
data presunta: mar 2025 - tipologia: riconducibile al progetto formativo - modalità di erogazione: Ex-cathedra - numero ore: 30
docente del corso: A.Pietropaolo (ENEA) qualifica: Studioso o esperto di enti di ricerca affiliazione: Italiana
programma delle attività: 1- Neutron production mechanisms:
Fission;
Photoproduction;
Spallation;
Fusion.
2- Large Scale Facilities
3- Neutron detection mechanisms
- Neutron-nucleus interactions for detection purposes;
- Gaseous detector response;
- Scintillation detector response;
- Semiconductor detector response.
4- Basic theory of neutron scattering and applications
modalità di accertamento finale: esame orale
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Synchrotron and FEL Radiation: From the production to the use
data presunta: primavera 2025 - tipologia: riconducibile al progetto formativo - modalità di erogazione: Ex-cathedra - numero ore: 30
docente del corso: Stefano Lupi and Salvatore Macis qualifica: Professore affiliazione: Italiana
programma delle attività: Historical Review on Synchrotron and FEL Radiation;
Synchrotron Radiation production: From bending magnet to insertion devices;
Incoherent vs. Coherent emission;
Quality factor of radiation: Flux, brilliance, bandwidth, repetition rate, pulse time duration and polarization;
Dedicated synchrotron and FEL machines and their worldwide distributions;
The Italian projects: Elettra and Fermi@Trieste and DAFNE, SPARC and EUPRAXIA@LNF-INFN;
Use of synchrotron and FEL radiation in spectroscopy and microscopy:
Applications in the Terahertz and infrared spectral range;
Applications in the X-Ray: Diffraction, EXAFS, and XANES;
Photoemissions;
Pump-Probe time resolved spectroscopy;
Future developments;
modalità di accertamento finale: Esame orale
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Design of Superconducting Magnets and applied crygenics
data presunta: primavera 2025 - tipologia: riconducibile al progetto formativo - modalità di erogazione: Ex-cathedra - numero ore: 30
docente del corso: Stefania Farinon e Riccardo Musenich qualifica: Studioso o esperto di enti di ricerca affiliazione: Italiana
programma delle attività: Introduction to superconductivity
Superconducting wires and cables
Current distribution and magnetic fields
Introduction to finite element analysis
Lorentz forces and magnet mechanics
Examples of designed and built magnets
Dissipation in variable operating conditions
Stability and protection
Brief review of thermodynamics
Cryogenic fluids
Thermostating: bath, flow (thermosiphon, heat pipe, forced flow), conduction-based
Superfluid helium
Heat transfer mechanisms
Techniques for reducing thermal input (dewars, cryostats, and transfer lines)
Other sources of thermal input: non-thermal radiation, Joule effect, dissipation in superconductors under variable conditions, elastic energy release, phase transitions, gas condensation, thermo-acoustic oscillations.
Properties of materials at low temperatures: specific heat, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, thermal contraction, yield and breaking load, Young's modulus, resilience.
Low-temperature thermometry
Refrigeration and liquefaction cycles: gas expansion (isenthalpic and isentropic), adiabatic demagnetization, \( ^3\text{He}-^4\text{He} \) dilution. Real refrigerators.
Basics of cryogenic safety
modalità di accertamento finale: esame orale
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