The PhD program in "Translational Innovation in Medicine and Surgery" aims to train researchers and professionals capable of integrating traditional clinical knowledge with the latest technologies and scientific methodologies. The program provides an interdisciplinary and highly innovative environment, where medical, surgical, radiological, gastroenterological, and anatomical-pathological expertise converge, supported by cutting-edge tools such as artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), and robotics. Key pillars of the PhD include the study of new techniques in minimally invasive surgery, particularly robotics, through two independent Intuitive Xi units. These systems enable high-precision procedures in various fields, including oncological, endocrine-metabolic, thoracic, and gynecological surgery. The integration with AI and augmented reality opens up new prospects, such as the development of interactive simulators for medical training and the creation of patentable innovations aimed at improving the safety and effectiveness of surgeries. The program promotes a multidisciplinary approach to managing complex diseases, such as neoplasms and endometriosis, offering specialists opportunities to deepen advanced theoretical-practical knowledge. In line with the translational and innovative spirit of the PhD, collaboration with companies in the field of robotic and minimally invasive surgery is encouraged to foster the development of new techniques and scientific solutions. The PhD places great emphasis on the study of digestive system diseases, focusing on precancerous lesions of the stomach and neuroendocrine tumors. At the Sant’Andrea University Hospital, recognized for years as an ENETS (European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society) Center of Excellence, PhD students can explore cutting-edge methodologies: from electronic chromoendoscopy, which allows for more precise identification of suspicious lesions, to the use of AI for real-time identification and classification of polyps during endoscopic procedures. Also included are advanced resection techniques (mucosectomies, endoscopic submucosal dissection, full-thickness resection) and endoscopic ultrasound, a fundamental tool for minimally invasive diagnosis and treatments, such as in the management of pancreatic tumors, cystic lesions, and abdominal collections. Another area of research involves Radiology, where the use of artificial intelligence improves workflow efficiency and diagnostic quality. Business Analytics systems (Radiology Command Center™) allow real-time data analysis and optimization of department organization, while specific algorithms (AIR™ Recon DL and TrueFidelity™) reduce acquisition times and radiation doses, maintaining high quality standards. Particularly interesting is the introduction of spectral CT, capable of identifying the materials composing tissues and providing detailed information on vascularization, reducing the risk of non-diagnostic exams and favoring a more targeted early diagnosis specific to each patient's characteristics. This includes advanced imaging modalities in Nuclear Medicine (SPECT/CT and PET/CT) and the development of radiolabeled probes for the diagnosis or therapy of inflammatory/infectious and neoplastic diseases. Activities of the PhD include advanced research in Anatomical Pathology, focusing on molecular profiling of solid tumors and lymphoproliferative diseases, circulating nucleic acid analysis (liquid biopsy), and the development of cellular models such as organoids. The laboratories of AOU Sant’Andrea and the University, equipped with the latest generation of technological platforms, allow detailed analysis of tissues and cells, advanced gene sequencing (NGS), and cell cultures, offering PhD students unique resources for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic studies. PhD students will have the opportunity to participate in national and international multicentric projects, interacting with specialists from various sectors and contributing to the development of new therapeutic and diagnostic solutions. Access to advanced technologies – from surgical robots to AI software, to the latest imaging systems – makes this PhD an ideal context for developing innovative ideas, high-impact publications, and potential patents. Future researchers will thus be able to lead the transition to a more personalized, precise, and less invasive medicine.