Titolo della tesi: The construction on the boundary of War- torn historic cities
Abstract
An important part of preserving the cultural-historical architectural heritage in historical cities in the construction and reconstruction of structures damaged by war. This damage can be in the physical structure or in the landscape of monuments and historical textures. When caused by political or social disagreements between governments or internal groups of war, in addition to the social and environmental damage that is undeniable from the effects of the conflict, the tissues and historical works that many of them possess global ownership are also destroyed. The issue of construction and reconstruction on the boundary of war-torn historical cities demolished by war requires quick attention as well as clear and scientifically groundbreaking foundations that can guarantee the survival and dynamism of historical texts for later generations. A comprehensive review of the approaches to intervene in the boundary of the historical context of cities in normal conditions and in the context of the crisis can be obtained in order to facilitate the decision making of any interference in the structure and landscape of buildings and historical contexts after the occurrence of the war. On the other hand, it is possible to reduce unconstitutional interference in their structure by recognizing the undesirable effects of war on historical monuments and the provision of post-war restoration planning, as well as examining the restoration process under normal circumstances- the reasons for not accepting existing policies for post-crisis situations-.
As a result of eight years of war between Iraq and Iran, (1980 - 1988) more than 4,000 cities and villages in Iran were damaged or destroyed. The reconstruction of cities and villages in Iran was started during and after the war by several policies. In this hasty process, the foundation of construction based on urban morphology has not been considered. The changes in urban morphology are visible clearly by examining the urban texture of Iranian cities damaged during the war(war-torn cities).
One of the cities that has suffered the most damage during the war is the Dezful city in southwestern Iran. Dezful, in spite of having a very strong background in the formation of urban morphology, has undergone many changes in the post-war reconstruction program in the periphery of the historical context of the city. Postwar construction was also carried out in other countries involved in civilian or international wars. Among these countries, Poland has seen a lot of damage during the Second World War. The Warsaw city, which was destroyed during the Second World War, was restored after the war based on historical evidence. Perhaps one of the best results of this type of rebuilding was the re-attention to architectural language. The expert in urbanism constructed the city in the previous location and developed it out of the old boundary. Construction out of the boundary of the old city bases on the architectural languages.
This study has attempted to suggest some guidelines for construction on the boundary of war-torn historical cities based on architectural language. In this study, after reviewing the construction of the post-war period in the Dezful and Warsaw cities, we will try to find out the proper methods of pos-war construction, and to develop post-war constructional guidelines. This research will be focused on the boundary of historical cities, where the boundaries of historical cities are over and the range of contemporary cities begins. In this method, the architectural language will be considered as two factors. Basically, the proposal is characterized by minimizing the intervention in the morphology of the urban texture during the immediate period and a long period of reconstruction. All data will be collected by practical methods in the Dezful and Warsaw cities. The method of research in this regard is collecting information in two ways through library research that includes studying the history of the subject of research and extracting what has been done about the subject up to now, as well as reviewing various articles related to the topic of research and information through search. The databases will be valid. The field studies involving interviewing experts and relevant authorities, participating in undergraduate workshops related to research topics, etc. To analyses, the data, a qualitative and quantitative combination approach will be used. For data analysis, urban morphology will be studied and the results will be consistent with other post-war reconstruction studies. It will formulate instructions determining the basis for intervention in the construction of post-war historical contexts with a knowledge-based approach in the interactive field of two knowledge including restoration and warfare (with its devastating approach to the construction of monuments and historical textures). What will be the result of this research will be the methods, guidelines, and criteria resulting in providing answers that will play an effective role in the dynamic balancing of historical-cultural effects in post-war situations. The results will be developed as a post-war construction guideline forall similar war-torn historical cities.