Phd in PHILOSOPHY

Thesis title: Spinoza e l'idea di tolleranza tra filosofia e religione

This research aims to define Spinoza's position concerning toleration in light of the paradoxical relationship that Spinoza puts to work in the Theologico-Political Treatise between philosophy and religion. The dissertation has been divided into three parts. The first part contains a historical-theoretical survey of both the very early reception of the Dutchman's work and the state of the art on the issue. On the basis of this analysis, a lexicon of tolerantia is then presented, which was found to be expressed in those terms or expressions that most marked the Spinozian theoretical elaboration of toleration: tolerantia, libertas (philosophandi), and religio. The second part of the dissertation shows how the concept of libertas philosophandi, related to that of tolerantia, is to be understood in a broad sense, such that it allows the recognition of both philosophical freedom (including in matters of religion), proper to the philosopher, and freedom of religious conscience, proper to the believer. In the third and final part of the research, the relationship between philosophy and the Spinozian concept of religio is thematized. It is, in fact, from the determination of the relationship-non-relationship between philosophy and religion that it has been possible to identify, on the one hand, a categorization of religion fundamental for the legitimization of the autonomy of religious freedom, and, on the other hand, a fulfilled theory of toleration, even in a political dimension, in the Spinozist sense.